ロンドンの裏社会の1700年代スラング

言葉

Francis Groseは1785年、ロンドンの酒場や賭博場、盗賊たちのスラングを集めました。その多くはカント、つまり裏社会の隠語でした。

rumRUM NAB, a good hat. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

上等な、よい、値打ちのある。rum nabは上等な帽子のこと。

sapscullSAPSCULL, a simple fellow; sappy, foolish. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

単純でばかな男。

to bubbleTo BUBBLE, to cheat. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

人をだます。

to bamTo BAM, to impose on any one by a falsity; also to jeer or make fun of any one. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

嘘で人をかつぐ、または人をからかう。

to kick the bucketTo kick the bucket; to die. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

死ぬ。

to go snacksSNACK, a share; to go snacks, to be partners. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

稼ぎを山分けする。仲間になる。

bene coveBENE COVE, (cant) a good fellow. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

いいやつ。信用できる人。

to peachPEACH, to impeach; called also to … squeak, or turn stag. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

仲間を密告する。

cullyCULLY, a fop or fool, also a dupe to women. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

まぬけ、カモ。とくに女にたやすくだまされる男。

mortMORT, a woman, or wench, also a yeoman’s daughter. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

女。

queerQUEER, or QUIRE, base, roguish, bad, naught, or worthless. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

悪い、卑しい、価値がない。queer coinは贋金のこと。

rhinoRHINO, money, (cant) (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

金。

bone boxBONE BOX, the mouth. Shut your bone box; shut your mouth. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

口。

a quizQUIZ, a strange looking fellow, an odd dog. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

風変わりな見た目の男。変わり者。

peepersPEEPERS, eyes; single peeper, a one eyed man. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

目。

to humbugHUM, to hum, or humbug, to deceive, or impose on one by some story or device. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

作り話やごまかしで人をかつぐこと。humbugはそのごまかし自体も指す。

down in the dumpsDUMPS, down in the dumps, low spirited, melancholly. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

気がふさいだ。憂鬱な。

to tipTIP, to give, or lend; tip me your daddle, give me your hand. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

渡す、よこす。Tip me your daddleは「手を貸せ」。

in quodQUOD, Newgate, or any other prison; the dab’s in quod, the poor rogue is in prison. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

牢屋に入って。

to twigTWIG, to twig, to observe; twig the cull, he is peery, observe the fellow, he is watching us. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

人に気づく、またはじっと見張る。

人々がどう悪態をつき、代わりにどんな穏やかな言葉を使ったか。同じ日付入りの出典から。

zoundsZOUNDS, an exclamation, an abbreviation of God’s wounds. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

驚きの誓い言葉。「God’s wounds（神の御傷）」が縮まったもの。

odd’s plut and her nailsODD’S PLUT AND HER NAILS, a Welch oath, frequently mentioned in a jocular manner. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

ウェールズの誓い言葉で「神の血と釘にかけて」。意味を知らない人が冗談で口にした。

a damme boyDAMME BOY, a roaring, mad blustering fellow, a scourer of the streets, or kicker up of a breeze. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

騒がしく威張り散らす街の乱暴者。口癖の悪態から名付けられた。

to rap out a volleyRAP, to rap, to take a false oath, also to curse; he rapped out a volley. (Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785)

悪態を一気にまくし立てること。